Thousands of Venetians took to the streets of the Renaissance city on Sunday to vent anger over frequent flooding and the impact of giant cruise ships.
Braving heavy rain, between 2,000 and 3,000 people answered the call of environmental groups and a collective opposed to the boats.
Critics say the waves cruise ships create are eroding the foundations of the lagoon city.
Chanting slogans such as "Venice resist" and calling for Mayor Luigi Brugnaro's resignation, the marchers also appealed for a massive project, MOSE, to be mothballed.
The multi-billion-euro infrastructure project has been underway since 2003 to protect the city from flooding, but it has been plagued by cost overruns, corruption scandals and delays.
The protest follows unprecedented flooding earlier this month that devastated the city, submerging homes, businesses and cultural treasures.